Node balanced steady states: Unifying and generalizing complex and detailed balanced steady states

Node Balanced Steady States: Unifying and Generalizing Complex and Detailed Balanced Steady States.

We introduce a unifying and generalizing framework for complex and detailed balanced steady states in chemical reaction network theory. To this end, we generalize the graph commonly used to represent a reaction network. Specifically, we introduce a graph, called a reaction graph, that has one edge for each reaction but potentially multiple nodes for each complex. A special class of steady state...

Torque-balanced high-density steady states of single-component plasmas.

Electron plasmas in a Penning-Malmberg trap are compressed radially using a rotating electric field (the "rotating-wall technique"). For large electric fields, plasmas can be compressed over a broad range of frequencies. This permits access to a novel high-density regime in which outward transport is insensitive to plasma density. The limiting density occurs when the plasma rotation frequency e...

Complex-Balanced Steady States of Chemical Reaction Networks that Contain an Eulerian Cycle

This work pertains to chemical reaction networks and their equilibria, called steady-states. Our main result states that for a cyclic chemical reaction network, there is a straightforward characterization for when a complex balancing steady state exists. We then extend our results to chemical reaction networks consisting of a closed path traversing each directed edge exactly once.

The Ill-Balanced Triangles of the Islamic States in Crisis

Steady-state sequences: Spoiled and balanced methods

In the context of MRI pulse sequences, the term “steady state” typically refers to the equilibrium condition that evolves when magnetization experiences a train of radiofrequency (RF) pulses. If RF pulses occur at broadly spaced intervals (TR≫T1), the magnetization recovers fully between pulses due to relaxation, and the steady-state is identical to the fully-relaxed magnetization, M0. In gener...